Environmental Management
J. Kharkan; M.H. Sayadi; M. Hajiani; M.R. Rezaei; M. Savabieasfahani
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The nanoparticles has been discussed in terms of their adverse global impacts on health and health inequity. Metal oxide nanoparticles and their salts can have varied toxic effects on different tissues in the aquatic environments. The aim of present study was to assess the ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The nanoparticles has been discussed in terms of their adverse global impacts on health and health inequity. Metal oxide nanoparticles and their salts can have varied toxic effects on different tissues in the aquatic environments. The aim of present study was to assess the toxicity of nickel oxide nanoparticles in relation to different nickel salts.METHODS: Acute toxicity of nickel oxide nanoparticles, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate and nickel chloride, in black fish was investigated. A total of 125 fish were randomly assigned to a control group (n=25) and four exposure groups (n=25 per group). After 28 days of exposure, the bioaccumulation of nickel oxide nanoparticles in gill, intestine, liver, and kidney of the fish was determined by killing half of them in each group and dissecting their tissues. The remaining fish were placed in clean water for another 28 days and the depuration rate was estimated.FINDINGS: The LC50-96 values reported for nickel oxide nanoparticles, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate and nickel chloride were 195, 120, 138 and 91 milligrams per liter, respectively. Therefore, nickel chloride had a higher toxicity compared to nickel oxide nanoparticles, nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate. The highest rate of nickel oxide nanoparticles bioaccumulation was observed in the gill (0.40±0.08 microgram per gram), intestine (41.82±16.95 microgram per gram), liver (2.16±1.82 microgram per gram), and kidney (2.16±1.26 microgram per gram) of the fish. The highest depuration rate of nickel oxide nanoparticles, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, and nickel chloride was recorded in the intestinal tissue of the fish. The lowest depuration rate of nickel oxide nanoparticles, nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate was observed in the kidney tissue of the fish. Also, the lowest depuration rate of nickel chloride was witnessed in the gill tissue of the fish. Histopathological anomalies were detected in the fish exposed to nickel oxide nanoparticles. These anomalies were fusion of lamellae, lamellar synechiae, curvature and oedema in the gill; increased number of goblet cells and cell swelling; and degradation of villi structure and expansion of villi structure in the intestine.CONCLUSION: The study conclusively demonstrated that nickel oxide nanoparticles were eco-toxic and harmful to aquatic organisms. Strong global nickel oxide nanoparticles regulations must be enforced to prevent further environmental contamination with nanoparticles.
I. Fayaji; M.H. Sayadi; H. Mousazadeh
Abstract
In the current study, the qualitative status of potable well water was assessed using the groundwater quality index during a course of 4 years (2014-2017). This study was carried out with an aim to monitor the drinking water resources from 12 potable wells on the multivariate analysis basis and for determination ...
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In the current study, the qualitative status of potable well water was assessed using the groundwater quality index during a course of 4 years (2014-2017). This study was carried out with an aim to monitor the drinking water resources from 12 potable wells on the multivariate analysis basis and for determination of groundwater quality index, the following 13 physicochemical parameters including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, total hardness, potassium, fluoride, bicarbonate, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sulphate, and nitrate were used. On the basis of Piper diagram, the results revealed that the type and faces of samples were chloride-sodic and bicarbonate-sodic respectively. Groundwater quality index level in the potable well water of case study area was 42.89 to 56.58 and zone water was in the good and medium range. Besides, 66.7% of the wells were in the good range and 33.3% of wells were in the medium range of water quality index. In this study, potassium and fluoride level in all the zone wells was lower than the ideal level and the electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, sodium, magnesium and sulphate in all the wells was higher than the ideal range for drinking purposes. Based on this study results, the potable water quality of most of the study area wells generally in 2017 vis-à-vis 2014 had reduced and its main reason was the presence of geology formations, agricultural runoffs and absorbing wells in this zone.
M.H. Sayadi; N. Ahmadpour; M. Fallahi Capoorchali; M.R. Rezaei
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of microalgae Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris to remove nitrate and phosphate in aqueous solutions. Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgar is microalgae was collected in 1000 ml of municipal water and KNO3, K2HPO4 was added as sources of ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of microalgae Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris to remove nitrate and phosphate in aqueous solutions. Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgar is microalgae was collected in 1000 ml of municipal water and KNO3, K2HPO4 was added as sources of nitrate and phosphate in three different concentrations (0.25, 0.35 and 0.45g/L). During the growth period, the concentration of nitrate and phosphate was recorded at 1, 4, 6 and 8 days. The highest nitrate removal on the 8 day for Chlorella vulgaris was 89.80% at the treatment of 0.25g/L and for Spirulina platensis was 81.49% at the treatment of 0.25g/L. The highest phosphate removal for Spirulina platensis was 81.49% at the treatment of 0.45g/L and for Chlorella vulgaris was 88% at the treatment of 0.45g/L. The statistical results showed that the amount of phosphate and nitrate removal during different time periods by Chlorella vulgaris depicted a significant difference at P<0.01, while Spirulina platensis demonstrated a significant difference at P<0.05.Thus, Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris can be effectively used to remove nitrate and phosphate from effluent and waste water treatments, although it demands more research in different climatic conditions.
