@article { author = {Yu, X.Z. and Lu, M.R.}, title = {Responses of endogenous proline in rice seedlings under chromium exposure}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {319-326}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.001}, abstract = {Hydroponic experiments were performed to exam the dynamic change of endogenous proline in rice seedlings exposed to potassium chromate chromium (VI) or chromium nitrate chromium (III). Although accumulation of both chromium species in rice seedlings was obvious, more chromium was detected in plant tissues of rice seedlings exposed to chromium (III) than those in chromium (VI), majority being in roots rather than shoots. Results also showed that the accumulation capacity of chromium by rice seedlings was positively correlated to chromium concentrations supplied in both chromium variants and the accumulation curve depicted an exponential trend in both chromium treatments over the entire period of exposure. Proline assays showed that both chromium variants induced the change of endogenous proline in shoots and roots of rice seedlings. Chromium (VI) of 12.8 mg/L increased proline content significantly (p<0.05) compared to control, while the effect of chromium (III) on proline content was more evident at 30.0 mg/L (p<0.05). The results collected here suggest that both chromium variants are able to cause the change of endogenous proline in rice seedlings, but the response was found to be different between the two chromium treatments.}, keywords = {Accumulation,Chromium,Proline,Rice,Translocation}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20999.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20999_c4558e7142673b12eb43599255748d7d.pdf} } @article { author = {Shokati, B. and Asgharipour, M.R. and Feizizadeh, B.}, title = {Improving farming practices using multi-criteria decision analysis in geographic information system for Damask Rose cultivating}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {327-338}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.002}, abstract = {Lack of awareness of the critical factors involved in production of plants and sometimes, the cultivation of plants in areas unsusceptible to plant, can increase the amount of chemical fertilizer consumption in order to compensate the subsequent reduction of plant yield. This would increase environmental pollution. Thus, identifying of suitable areas where could supply plants initial needs of the environment is critical. For this goal, several criteria including soil conditions, climatologically indicators, topography situation and agro-climatology criteria were taken into account of modeling processing. Doing so, standardization process was performed on criteria and weighting process was performed by using of analytic hierarchy process approach. Geographical information system based on multi-criteria decision analysis was employed for weighted overlapping of indicators. Initial results indicated that East-Azerbaijan Province in the northern part of Iran has high potential for cultivating of Damask Rose. Results indicate that about 34.4% of East Azerbaijan Province has classified to be high suitability for cultivating this plant, while about 65.5 and 0.1 % of this area classified to be in the moderate and low suitability category respectively. In comparison of Damask Rose production during the 2014 and resulted analytic hierarchy process map results showed that areas with high suitability are not more under cultivation of this plant. Then, the findings of this study are great of importance for the purpose of regional planning in East-Azerbaijan Province.}, keywords = {Analytic hierarchy process (AHP),Climate,Damask Rose,Feasibility assessment,Rosa damascene,Zonation}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_19779.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_19779_8f2bf94b9c6605686131d7af67cfebaa.pdf} } @article { author = {Medina, M.A.P. and Toledo-Bruno, A.G.}, title = {Ecological footprint of university students: Does gender matter?}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {339-344}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.003}, abstract = {To determine if there is a gender difference in the resource consumption activities of students in Central Mindanao University, a Philippine state university, an ecological foot printing study was conducted in August 2014. Consumption data from 380 student respondents were gathered using a survey questionnaire. A web-based software created by the Global Footprint Network was used to convert the consumption data into its equivalent ecological footprint value. Sample size was reduced to 324 (male = 162; female = 162) through a 1:1 nearest neighbor matching without replacement method for propensity score matching. Subsequently, unpaired t-test was employed for comparing the difference in ecological footprint between the male and female student respondents. Results reveal that the students’ ecological footprint is slightly lower than the national average. Furthermore, most of their ecological footprint comes from their carbon footprint. Male respondents were found to have a significantly higher ecological footprint compared to female respondents. This implies gender difference in terms of resource consumption.}, keywords = {Ecological footprint (EF),Gender comparison,Resource consumption,Sustainability,University student}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20409.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20409_474ec7cc000ef94b9227617dd6f9f585.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezaian, S. and Jozi, S.A. and Zaredar, N.}, title = {Environmental risk assessment of a dam during construction phase}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {345-356}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.004}, abstract = {The present study was conducted to assess the possible risks induced by construction of Gavi Dam in Ilam Province; western part of Iran, using MIKE-11 model and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution. For this purpose, vulnerable zone of the dam site against the flooding risk of Gavi River was calculated for different return periods. The flooding zones were stimulated by MIKE-11 model. In order to check whether or not the dam construction could affect the quality of the Gavi River, the physicochemical quality of the river water was also tested. Afterwards, a questionnaire was prepared containing an inventory of possible risks supposed to be induced by construction of Gavi Dam. The questionnaires were placed at disposal of experts to score the items based on their importance. The questionnaires were then analyzed using SPSS Software, version 16. According to which, a total number of 12 risk factors were identified. The dam construction risks were qualitatively assessed by preliminary hazard analysis. Based on the results, 3 of 12 identified risks were recognized unacceptable. The shortlisted risks were prioritized at final step using technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution. "Habitat fragmentation" with a weight of 0.3002, "water pollution" with a weight of 0.295, and "impacts on aquatics" with a weight of 0.293 were identified as three top priority flooding risks. Among the most important corrective measures for mitigation of the risks at construction phase can be pointed to "restoration of the land cover", “conservation of areas surrounding the dam as a new wildlife habitat", “prevention of water contamination”, and "conservation of fish spawning sites".}, keywords = {Construction phase,Gavi Dam,MIKE-11,Preliminary hazard analysis (PHA),Risk,Technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS)}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20481.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20481_fdbd1f5c89402fc79f52b1379fcd94e1.pdf} } @article { author = {Sayadi, M.H. and Ahmadpour, N. and Fallahi Capoorchali, M. and Rezaei, M.R.}, title = {Removal of nitrate and phosphate from aqueous solutions by microalgae: An experimental study}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {357-364}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.005}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of microalgae Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris to remove nitrate and phosphate in aqueous solutions. Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgar is microalgae was collected in 1000 ml of municipal water and KNO3, K2HPO4 was added as sources of nitrate and phosphate in three different concentrations (0.25, 0.35 and 0.45g/L). During the growth period, the concentration of nitrate and phosphate was recorded at 1, 4, 6 and 8 days. The highest nitrate removal on the 8 day for Chlorella vulgaris was 89.80% at the treatment of 0.25g/L and for Spirulina platensis was 81.49% at the treatment of 0.25g/L. The highest phosphate removal for Spirulina platensis was 81.49% at the treatment of 0.45g/L and for Chlorella vulgaris was 88% at the treatment of 0.45g/L. The statistical results showed that the amount of phosphate and nitrate removal during different time periods by Chlorella vulgaris depicted a significant difference at P<0.01, while Spirulina platensis demonstrated a significant difference at P<0.05.Thus, Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris can be effectively used to remove nitrate and phosphate from effluent and waste water treatments, although it demands more research in different climatic conditions.}, keywords = {aqueous solutions,Chlorella vulgaris,microalgae,Spirulina platensis,Wastewater}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20315.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20315_da1ca1719d49bc078085756a6a030ba0.pdf} } @article { author = {Akbari, M. and Ownegh, M. and Asgari, H.R. and Sadoddin, A. and Khosravi, H.}, title = {Desertification risk assessment and management program}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {365-380}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.006}, abstract = {Risk assessment provides the possibility of planning and management to prevent and reduce the risk of desertification. The present study is aimed to assess the hazard and risk of desertification and to develop management programs in the semi-arid western regions of Golestan Province in Iran. Desertification rate was obtained using the Iranian model of desertification potential assessment. Since the rating system was considered for the indicators, data analyses were carried out according to the Mann-Whitney test. The risk of desertification was calculated based on hazard, elements at risk and vulnerability assessment maps. The intensity of desertification was estimated to be medium. Among the factors affecting desertification, agriculture by the weighted average of 3.22 had the highest effect, followed by soil, vegetation, water and wind erosion criteria by weighted averages of 2.45, 2.32, 2.15 and 1.6 respectively. Desertification risk assessment results also showed that about 78% of central and northern parts of the region, with the largest population and residential centers, surface and underground water resources, agriculture and horticulture, is confronted with a high to very high degree of risk. Management plans and control measures, based on risk values were presented in four activities (with two management priorities under critical and non-critical conditions). For the management program with the largest area. Control measures and strategies such as the establishment of halophytic and xerophytic plants, drainage networks, resilient facilities and infrastructure were proposed. Reducing the risk of desertification, could play a crucial role in the sustainable development of drylands and desert ecosystems.}, keywords = {criteria,Desertification,Golestan province,Iranian model of desertification potential assessment (IMDPA),Risk Assessment,Vulnerability}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20580.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20580_d8a94311336875391da9a722e8094df4.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadizadeh, M.J. and Karbassi, A.R. and Nabi Bidhendi, Gh.R. and Abbaspour, M.}, title = {Integrated environmental management model of air pollution control by hybrid model of DPSIR and FAHP}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {381-388}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.007}, abstract = {The aim of this study is to evaluate the obstacles due to a DPSIR model combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process technique. Hence, to prioritize the responses regarding the driving forces, pressures, states and impacts, the hierarchy of the model is established. Evaluations and prioritization of model results of urban transport situation in Tehran have provided a number of necessary issues for strategic planning to reduce local air pollution and emission of greenhouse gases by prioritizing their effectiveness in the implementation, including; a) development and improvement of public transport (R1), b) improvement of fuel quality (R2), c) improvement of vehicle emission standards (R3), d) vehicle inspection (R4), f) traffic management (R5). In this study, responses to improve the factors of pressure, stimulus, the current state and the impacts were examined and compared hierarchically. Finally, their priority relative to each other was achieved. Development and improvement of public transport, improvement of the quality of fuel, improvement of vehicle emission standards, vehicle check-up and finally urban traffic management were identified respectively as practical steps to control and reduce air pollution in Tehran.}, keywords = {Air pollution,Analytic hierarchy process (AHP),DPSIR,fuzzy theory,Tehran metropolis}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20581.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20581_ce1fa13b104540c7cb9b11f51c6d17f1.pdf} } @article { author = {Chaab, A. and Moezzi, A.A. and Sayyad, G.A. and Chorom, M.}, title = {Effect of compost and humic acid in mobility and concentration of cadmium and chromium in soil and plant}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {389-396}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.008}, abstract = {The effect of compost and humic acid in mobility and concentration of cadmium and chromium in contaminated soil were investigated. Experiment was carried out with three levels of soil cadmium and chromium and two organic matters (compost and humic acid). The study was performed in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Results indicated that application of organic substances enhanced movement of cadmium and chromium in soil column. Humic acid is more effective than compost on the mobility of cadmium and chromium in soil. Mobility of cadmium and chromium in the lower depths of soil column were increased. Cadmium and chromium concentration in shoots and roots enhanced due to increasing those concentration in soil and application of organic substances. Increase in cadmium in shoots can be attributed to the high mobility of this element in maize plant. Maize root chromium concentration was greater than shoot chromium concentration. Humic acid was more effective than compost as cadmium and chromium concentration in root and shoot was concerned. Low mobility of chromium in plant and accumulation of chromium in roots can be reasons of decreasing of chromium concentration in shoot of plant and its bioaccumulation.}, keywords = {Cadmium,Chromium,Compost,Humic acid,Mobility}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_19697.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_19697_0ecc3ecbe563c542b94fcb0c75db42f0.pdf} } @article { author = {Tajbakhsh, M. and Memarian, H. and Shahrokhi, Y.}, title = {Analyzing and modeling urban sprawl and land use changes in a developing city using a CA-Markovian approach}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {397-410}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.009}, abstract = {Mashhad City, according to the latest official statistics of the country is the second populated city after Tehran and is the biggest metropolis in the east of Iran. Considering the rapid growth of the population over the last three decades, the city’s development area has been extended, significantly. This significant expansion has impacted natural lands on suburb and even some parts e.g. rangelands and agricultural area have been transited to urban land uses. The study was aimed at analyzing and simulating land use changes in Mashhad, Iran. The work needs a model to simulate land use changes among multiple categories and combine spatial and temporal changes during the projection period. Thus, Cellular Automata-Markov model was chosen to meet this target. In this work, the projected time period corresponded to the final 20-year vision period of all-round development of Iran for the target point of  2025 based on a long-term plan. Multi criteria evaluation approach integrated along with analytic hierarchy process were employed for preparing suitability maps for the five land uses, i.e. urban continuous patches, urban discontinuous patches, rural patches, agricultural lands, and range lands. Having applied the matrices utilized in model calibration, the best kappa coefficient proved to be associated with the land use maps dated 1996 and 2002. The Kappa index of quantity and allocation agreement was determined to be 0.9189 and 0.9529, respectively, which established an almost perfect agreement between simulated and observed land uses according to the year 2015. Change detection results showed that with the physical expansion of urban continuous patches, range lands and agricultural lands mostly transited to urban discontinuous patches and eventually were promoted to urban continuous texture. These developments or gains in urbanized patches will lead to some loses in agricultural lands and rangelands of the suburb in 2025. In addition, the analysis of projected land use map indicated that over the upcoming years, the development of the city in northern front, especially in northwestern region will be more intense with a higher speed in comparison with the other regions.}, keywords = {Analytic hierarchy process (AHP),Cellular Automata-Markov (CA-Markov),fuzzy theory,Land use/ cover change (LUCC),Multi criteria evaluation (MCE),Urban sprawl}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20337.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_20337_5daf8a8eac91195dcd413aacbd6e932b.pdf} } @article { author = {Emenike, P.C. and Omole, D.O. and Ngene, B.U. and Tenebe, I.T.}, title = {Potentiality of agricultural adsorbent for the sequestering of metal ions from wastewater}, journal = {Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {411-442}, year = {2016}, publisher = {GJESM Publisher (Professor J. Nouri)}, issn = {2383-3572}, eissn = {2383-3866}, doi = {10.22034/gjesm.2016.02.04.010}, abstract = {The expensive nature of metal ions detoxification from wastewater have restricted the use of conventional treatment technologies. Cheap, alternative measures have been adopted to eliminate metal contamination, and adsorptions using agricultural adsorbents seem to be the way forward. The use of agricultural adsorbents for cadmium (II), copper (II) and lead (II) ion removal has gained more interest in literature due to the level of contamination in water bodies. This review shed lights on the removal proficiency of various low–cost agricultural adsorbent for the elimination of cadmium (II), copper (II) and lead (II) ions, considering performance, surface modification, equilibrium adsorptive studies, kinetic characteristics, coefficient of correlation (R2) and reuse. Furthermore, these agricultural adsorbents have displayed better performance when rivaled with commercial/conventional adsorbent. Observations from different adsorptive capacities presented owe their performance to surface area improvement/modification, pH of the adsorbent, ionic potential of the solution, initial concentration and elemental component of the adsorbent. However, gaps have been identified to improve applicability, sorption performance, economic viability, optimization, and commercialization of suitable agricultural adsorbents.}, keywords = {Adsorption,Adsorption capacities,Agricultural adsorbent,heavy metals,Wastewater}, url = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_21023.html}, eprint = {https://www.gjesm.net/article_21023_e5223f55c1c2b4ca2cbe81c883fd98a4.pdf} }